Integers are set of all negative and positive whole numbers. It also includes zero. In other words, integers are the set of whole numbers and their opposites - {...,-3,-2,-1,0,1,2,3,...}
The number line is used to represent integers. Let's first understand the number line.
These numbers are to the right of zero on the number line are called
positive
integers
. They are +1, +2, +3…………
These numbers are to the left of zero on the number line are called negative integers.
They are -1, - 2, - 3…………
The integer zeros neither positive nor negative and has no sign.
The number line goes on both directions.
We move to the right to add a positive integer.
We move to the left to add a negative integer.
We move to the left to subtract a positive integer.
We move to the right to subtract a negative integer.
When two positive integers are added the result will be a positive integer.
Ex. 10 + 3 = 13
When two negative integers are added the result will be a negative integer.
Ex. (-1) + (-3) = - 4
When a positive integer and a negative integer are added, the result will be a negative or positive integer.
Ex. (-3) + 5 = 2 and 3+ (-5) = -2
We take their difference and place the sign of the bigger integer.
Additive inverses are the opposite integer to the given integer.
Let us say the number 7.
Additive inverse of an integer 7 is (– 7) and additive inverse of (– 7) is 7.
52+12
We have to add both positive numbers. We will get a positive integer
= 64
First we will write the additive inverse of 77 is -77.
-77 + 55
= -22
First add the integer then put minus sign.
= (–80) + (– 40)
= –120
(–200) – (–572)
= –200 + 572
Subtract the integers.
= 372
We have to find total points in all five rounds.
Sophia got points in five rounds were 50, – 15, – 10, 75 and 40
= 50+ (– 15) + (– 10) + 75 + 40
= (50+ 75 + 40) + (– 15 ) + (– 10)
= 165 + (-25)
= 165 – 25
=140
The balance in Max's account after the withdrawal is Rs. 1850
Deposited amount is represented by a positive integer because it is adding money
to the account.
Withdrawal of amount from the account is represented by a negative integer
Amount deposited= Rs 5,000
Amount withdrawn= Rs 3,150
The balance in Max's account= 5,000 + (-3150)
= 5,000 – 3150
= 1850
Jennifer has to travel 30km everyday to reach to the school towards south.
The distance towards north is represented by a positive integer and distance towards
south is represented by a negative integer.
Picnic spot from school 55km north
Her house is at distance of 25km south
Distance from house to school is 55km + (-25 km)
55km + (-25 km)
= 55 - 25
=30
If any two positive integers a and b,
(-a ) × (-b) = a × b
If we take (-12) × ( -5)
First multiply both the negative numbers as whole integers. (-12) × (-5)
Then put positive sign before the product you obtained.
(-12) × (-5) = 12 × 5 = 60
If both numbers are positive, the product is positive.
If both numbers are negative, the product is positive.
If any two positive integers a and b,
(-a) × b = a × (-b) = - ( a×b)
If we take (12) × ( -5),
First find the product of numbers. (12)×( -5)
Then put minus sign before the product you obtained.
(12) × ( -5) = -(12 × 5) = -60
If one number is positive and the other negative, the product is negative.
If we have one number is negative and the other positive, the product is negative.
For example, (-12) × ( 5) = -(12 × 5) = -60
First multiply both the positive numbers
35 × 7
= 245
Multiply both the negative numbers as whole integers and put then minus sign.
= - ( 38 × 2)
= -( 76)
= -76
We conclude here that if the number of negative integers that multiplied are even ( two, four, six) the product will be a positive integer but if the number of negative integers that multiplied are odd ( three, five) the product will be a negative integer.
For example,
(-3) × (-3) × (-3) = -(3 × 3 × 3) = -27 but (-3) × (-3) × (-3) × (-3)= (3 × 3 × 3 × 3)= 81
(-15) × [(-2) × (-2) × (-2)]
= (-15) × - ( 2×2×2)
= (-15) × - 8
= 15 × 8
=120
(-10) × [(-3) × (-3)]
= (-10) × (3 × 3)
= (-10) × 9
= - (10 × 9)
= - 90
For any two positive integers a and b,
a×b = b×a
For example, 2× (-5) = -10. And (-5) × 2 = -10. So that 2 × (-5) = (-5) × 2
For any integer a, a × 0 = 0 × a = 0
For example, (–2) × 0 = 0; 0 × (– 5) = 0; 7 × 0 =0
If any whole number multiplied by zero the product will be zero.
For any integer a we have, a × 1 = 1 × a =
a
For example, (–2) × (–1) = 2; 5 × (–1) = –5; 6 × 1=6
For any three integers a, b and c,
(a × b) × c =
a × (b × c)
If we say, [(–4) × (–2)] × 5 = 8 × 5 = 40
And, (–4) × [(–2) × 5] = (–4) × (–10) = 40
So that, [(–4) × (–2)] × 5= (–4) × [(–2) × 5]
For any integers a, b and c,
a × (b + c)
= a × b + a × c
For example, (– 7) × [(–3) + (–2)] = (– 7) × (–5) = 35
And [(– 7) × (–3)] + [(– 7) × (–2)] = 21 + 14 = 35
So, (– 7) × [(–3) + (–2)] = [(– 7) × (–3)] + [(– 7) × (–2)]
(– 5) × [(–2) + 7]
= (– 5) × 5
= –25
[(– 3) × (–2)] + [(– 3) × 7]
= (3×2) + (-21)
= 6 + (– 21)
= – (21– 6)
= – 15
(– 4) × [(–3) + (–1)]
= (– 4) × [–(3+ 1)]
= (– 4) × (– 4)
= 16
[–(8× 10)] – [(8 × 3)]
= –80–24
= – (80 + 24)
= – 104
For example, 18 × 12
We can write this as 18 × (10 + 2).
So that, 18 × 12
= 18 × (10 + 2)
= 18 × 10 + 18 × 2
= 180 + 36
= 216
(–25) × 58
= (–25) × [60 – 2]
= (–25) × 60 – (–25) × 2
= (–1500) – (– 50)
= –1450
(–30) × (–98)
= (–30) × [(–100) + 2]
= (–30) × (–100) + (–30) × 2
= 3000 + (–60)
= 2940
54 × (– 4) + (–54) × 2
=54 × (– 4) + (–54) × 2
= 54 × (– 4) + 54 × (–2)
= 54 × [(– 4) + (–2)]
= 54 × [(–6)]
= –324
70 × (–19) + (–1) × 70
= 70 × (–19) +70× (–1)
= 70 × [(– 19) + (–1)]
= 70 × [(– 20)]
= –1400
(–17) × (–10) × 6
= [(–17) × (–10)] × 6
= 170 × 6
= 1020
(–40) × (–2) × (–5) × 8
= – 40 × (–2 × –5) × 8
= [–40 × 10] × 8
= – 400× 8
= – 3200
1. Elizabeth writes only 5 answers correct.
Marks given for one correct answer = 2
Marks given for one incorrect answer = – 1
Elizabeth writes 5 answers correct= 5×2= 10
So that, Elizabeth writes 5 answers incorrect= 5×– 1= – 5
Therefore, Elizabeth’s total score = 10 + (–5) = 5
2. Jesson writes all 10 answers correct.
Marks given for one correct answer = 2
Marks given for one incorrect answer = – 1
Jesson writes all 10 answers correct= 10×2= 20
Therefore, Jesson’s total score = 20
For any two positive integers a and b
a ÷ (–b) = (– a) ÷ b where b ? 0
For example,
56 ÷ (–8) = –7 and 40 ÷ (–10) = –4
As well as 56 ÷ (–7) = –8 and 40 ÷ (–4) = –10
For any two positive integers a and b
(– a) ÷ (– b) = a ÷ b where b ? 0
For example, (–56) ÷ (–8) = 7 and (–40) ÷ (–10) = 4
As well as (–56) ÷ (–7) = –8 and (–40) ÷ (–4) = 10
Any integer divided by zero is not defined but zero divided by an integer other than zero is equal to zero.
For example,
0 ÷ a = 0 for a 0
Any integer divided by 1 gives the same integer.
For any integer a, a ÷ 1 = a
For example,
(– 7) ÷ 1 = (– 7), (–12) ÷ 1 = –12, (13) ÷ 1 = 13
(14) × (–5) – (–75) ÷ (5) + 50
= (14) × (–5) – (–75) ÷ (5) + 50
= (–70) – (–75) ÷ (5) + 50
= (–70) – (–15) + 50
= (–70) +15+ 50
= (–55) + 50
= –5
Marks given for one correct answer = 10
Marks given for one correct answer = 10
Monika attempted 10 questions = 10 × 10 = 100
But she score = 50
Marks obtained for incorrect answers = 50 – 100 = – 50
Marks given for one incorrect answer = (–5)
Therefore, number of incorrect answers = (– 50) ÷ (–5) = 10
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